Milling machine



J. M. CHRISTMAN 1,919,290

MILLING MACHINE Filed April 1, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet l July 25, 1933.

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5%? h w I W y 5, 1933. J. M. CHRlS TMAN 1,919,290

MILLING MACHINE Filed April 19:50 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 y 5, 1933- J. M. CHRISTMAN MILLING MACHINE Filed April 1, 1950 s Sheets-Shet 5 Patented July 25, .1933

UNITED STATES PATENT can W JOHN M. CHRISTMAN, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOB To PACK A RD rioToa CAB COMPANY, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A- conronarron or MICHIGAN MILLING MACHINE Application filed April 1 This invention relates to tools for machining metal parts andparticularly to what may be termed pattern lathes or lathes for turning non-circular cylinders.

' It is ageneral object of the present invention to provide a novel'and improved Ina-'- chine of the typedescribed,

.More particularly it is an object of the inventionto provide a 'lathe of the pattern type for turning irregular shaped objects and particularly non-circular cylinders. V

An important feature of the invention resides in the provision of'a' rotary cutting tool for use with machines of the type described.

This tool may well be of the so-called end mill type.

Another important feature of" the inven-;

tion comprises mechanism for synchronously,

v moving the tool toward and fromthe workalong anaxissubstantially parallel to a line normal to thework, in accordance with a predetermined profile whereby a l'lOIlrClIClllZl-I' cylinder is produced of the required configuration. 7

Another important feature of the invention resides in there ciprocation of the tool carrier andhence the ltool-in a direction at right angles to the movementofthe toollfor obtaining the desired configuration and i also at right angles to the axis of rotation ofthe work and in synchronism to this rotation at such a rate as to maintain the most effective cutting portion of the tool always in engagelnent with the work. i

may be made therein as fall withinthe scopeof'the appended claims without departing from the spirit ofthe invention. In said'drawings z Figure 1 is a perspectiveview of the portion of the machine necessary for operating onvasinglecylinderyt Figure 2 1s JVGI'tlCtll-SBCUOIT through the machine in a planeat right angles to the axis machine;

Other important features and objects of 1930. Serial No. 440,766.

of rotation of the work and showing the tool operating mechanisrnin elevation; r a I Figure 3 is a planlview of a portionofthe Figured is a vertical section on line4.4 ofFigure2;and

Figures 5, 6, 7 and ,8 show respective positions of thegtool for various angular positions of the work. 1 The machine of the present invention isof 6e. r the type used for turning on machining irregular objects and for the sake-of con-' on the cam shaft of an internal combustion vided witha plurality of units each adapted. to acton a single cam. There can be as many'units as cams on thefshaft or iflthe cams are too close to permit this, there can be half as many units, requiring, then,a single longitudinal shift of the work between operations on the'alternate'cams. Thema-. chineis equally useful for turning the cheeks of the crankson crank shafts and for-like.

I work.

' venience has beenshowln and described in con nection vvlth a machine for p ofilingthecams. r

engine. In its entirety, the machine is pro- As seen in the drawingsfthe machine 'ises-' sentially :a lathe, having a bed o'r-shearflO whichhas -fonned preferably integrallytherewith and at one end, the suitable bearing member 11 having rotatably mounted there-,

in the shaft 12 adapted-to be driven in any convenient way as a'belt and pulley 13.. At

.the opposite end of the bed is preferably a dead center'or a rotatable work holder. The work, shown as a cam shaft l lhavin'g rough cams 15 thereon, is adapted tobe mounted f between the dead "center and the-chuck 16 Se.

to the" shaft 12 and slidable;longitudinally' thereof as by means ofthe flanges 18, and the fork 19 pivQtedlatQO and provided with a handle l rp eqorj thisaarrang e" I ment is to permit ofia longitudinal. mfove: i

ment of the work "to traver se it along-they cutters. V This feeding mechanisnr mayQbeg v;

or automatic'as' s common n hand operated this art. J

1 he ere fi iI1 si thaf in dffihdi fmill, thatwis, itt-is' a standard milling tool cured to thesleeve17 which is suitably splined so the work. r

i .he cam 35 mounted on the shaft 36 bears, against a roller 45 carried on a stub shaftJ tapered shank '24 received in a socket 25 in the-shaft 26 3ournalcd for rotation only, Hi

the tool carrier 27. A. second section of shaft 2Sis attached by a universal oint 29to the section 26 and suit-ably attached, by means of a. slip joint and an. additional universal Joint (not shown) 'to any suitable power means for driving thecutting tool.

Thetool carrier 27-is in the form of a block,substantially rectanr ilar in form and provided on one surface'wi'th a channel 27 adapted to engage over the dovetailed ways 30 on the vertical extending slab-portion v30 of a carriage 31. The tool carrier can thus'be said to be i'nounted for reciprocation 29 on the carriage in orderto move the tool face i in a plane which is parallel to a tangent to an are about the center of rotation of the work. Thecarriage 31 has its base portion grooved as at 32 to fit over the dovetailed ways on the base or shear 10 of the lathe so that it can be reciprocated toward and from the work, preferably in a plane at right angles to the of rotation of the work. 7

As the carriage re ciprocates, the tool moves $0 with it'and profiles the work in'accordance with the outline of the carriage operating cam 35. This cam is mounted on a shaft 36 supported in bearings 37 one on either side of the cam. This shaft is provided with a C 3 spur gear 38 which is driven by means of a gear train from the gear 39 on the shaft 12 driven by the pulley 13. The intermediate gears of the train are arranged on the two sides of the hearing 11.

this idler gear drives the gear 41 mounted on a shaft 42 which extends the length of the lathe bed and parallel to the shaft 36. Just inside of the bearing 11 this shaft 42 is pro-' 45 vided with a gear 43 and between the gear 43 i and the gear 38 the idler gear 44. The gear train is such that the shafts 36 and 42 are.

driven at the. same speed as and in the same direction as the main shaft 12 which dr1ves 46 m'ountedin extensions 47 on the carriage and is instrumental in movingthe carriage and its tool toward the work. A coil spring 48 secured at its ends between the pin 49 on the bed and the pin 50 on the carriage serves to k eep the roller 45 always in engagement with the cam 35'so that the motion of '3 ,thecarriage is exactly that imparted to it by thecam which rotates and thus actuates the carriage in synchronism to the rotation of the shaftof'the workholder. In this cured to the top of the slab 3 p w shaft 42'and 7 Thus there 0 idler gear 40 driven from the gear 39 and the work holder with due regard to the an gularity of the cam blank thereof in respect to the cam 35, the cam 15 thereon can be machined as desired. Of course, the machining is' accomplished by traversing the work in respect to the cutter as by means of p the feed mechanism 19. v

However, it is not sufficient'to merelyfeed the tool toward and from the work in accordance with the profile of the cam 35, for tools of the end mill type operate at their best efli ciency when the main cutting is done close to the periphery. To accomplish this the tool carrier 27, as previously mentioned, canbe reciprocated vertically on the slab portionof the carriage. This verticalreciprocation is effected by a suitable cam 53 mounted on the shaft 42, previously mentioned,

which passes through an opening 54 in the carriage to provide clearance for the movement of the carriage. The lower edge 55 of the tool carrier 27rests on the periphery of the cam 53 and is held in this position. by means of the coil spring 56 hearing between the top surface 57 of the tool, carrier andthe under surface of the overhanging lug 58se- As before mentioned, the hence the cam 53 moves in synchronism with the work holder and hence by properly positioning the cam in regard to its angularity I and, by properly profiling it, the tool can he made to cut in the most effectivemanner as shown.1n F1gures 5 00 8. It lesson that I in Figure 5 the centerline of thetool is about at the'same levelas the axis of the work but the cutting portion of the tool is at 60 near its periphery. In Figure 6 where the cam has reached the position where its major lobe is horizontal, the toolhas been lowered until its axis is, materially below that ofthe cam but still the cutting point is at 60. In

Figure 7 Where the cam lobe has turned 45? down from the position in Figure 6, the tool v has be'eulowered still further by the action of thecam 53-and contact is still maintained at 60. Substantially the same condition pres vails in Figure 8 where the cutting'is now on the heel of'the cam. It may be saidthat the tool is moved both fore and aft and'vertically in synchronism with the rotation of the work holder and under the control of two cams, one of which profiles the work desired andthe other of which maintains the 1 most effective cutting annulus of the tool in operative relationship to thework.

It will, of course, be obvious that various other means of actuating the tool and its car r rier for obtaining the same result are available but it is the intent of the appended claims to cover the various embodiments which fall within theirscope.

V By having the cutting tool always rotating and not de-' pending on .therot'ation of the work in re I spect to the tool to provide thecutting force. s"

V by, suitably profiling the cam 35 and properlyt 3 ,Setting a blank with roughcams thereon complete an "operation.

the lathe can be driven at a slower speed and the work need ma'ke'but a few revolutions to be made as in some previous types of machines to maintainthe cutting edge of the tool always normal to the work which in-.

volves complicated'mechanism for rotating the tool about an axis parallel to the axis of the work. I

It will be understood thatwhile the invention has been disclosed in a machine wherein the traverse is parallel to the axisof the work,

Having thus described my invention, what is claimed as new and desired tobe secured by Letters'Patent is:

1. In a machine, the combination with a Workholder and means for continuously-r0 tating it, of a carriage mounted .to move toward and from the work substantially nor-f mal to the work rotating axis, means for moving the carriage in synchronism with the rotation of the work holder, a tool sup port carried by'said carriage and mounted to .move thereon always in a rightllineat right angles to the movement of the carriage in a plane normal to the work rotating axis, means I for moving the tool supporting synchronism with the rotation of the work holder, and a tool mounted on said support.

2. In a machine, the combination with a Work holder and means for continuously ro-i tating it, of a carriage mounted to move toward and from the work substantially normal to the work rotating axis, means for moving the carriage in synchronism with the,

rotation of the work holder, a tool support carried by said carriage and mounted to move thereon at right angles to the movement of the carriage in a pl'anenormal to the work rotating axis, means for moving the tool support insynchronism with the rotation of the work holder, a rotatable cutting tool mounted on said support, and means to drive said cutting tool to profile the work.

work holder and means for continuously rotating 1t, of a carnage mounted. to move toward and from the work substantially normal to the work rotating axis, means for moving the carriage in synchronism with the 'rotatlon of the Work holder, a tool support earned by sa1d carriage and mounted to move thereon at right angles to'themovement of.

the carriage in a planenormalito the work rotating axis, means for moyingthe tool supportjin synchronism with the rotation of the i work holder, a rotatablecutting'tool of the endmill type mounted insaid support with its axi's's ubstantially normal to the axisof '-rotation of said work, and'meansto rotate No attempt need said tool in all positionsv of the carriage and support.

: A. In a machine, theoombination of a lo tating work holder, a rotatable endcutting milling tool, means' for rotating said tool,- meansforreciprocating the tool in synchronism with the IOtRlZlOH-Ofl3l16-3V()1l holder substantially normal to the axis of rotation of I the Work, means for reciprocating the tool in synchronism \Vltlltllel'OllZLtlOll. of the work holder inthe same plane but at right angles to the first-reciprocation, and 'meansfor traversing the work and. toolinrelation to each other.

5. In a machine for formingnon-circular cylinders, the combination with a Work holder and means for rotating. 1t,.of a cutting tool of the end milltype, means for rotating sa1d tool, means for axially reclprocatmg sa1d tool in synchronism to the rotation of the, work holder, means for reciprocating said tool so that its axis moves above and below the Work ax s at such a rate asto maintaln substantially the same cuttlngaradius ,on the tool'end for all positionsof th e work, and I synchronism with the rotation of the work holder to profile the Work, a tool support slidable-on said carriage to move in a line in the same plane and at right anglesto the line of movement of the carriage to position the tool i for best cutting, and an end milling tool] mounted onsaidsupport.

7. In a machine for forming non-circular cylinders, the combination with a work holder and means for continuously rotating 1t, of a carriageshdable toward and from sa1d work, means for moving the carr age 1n synchronism with the rotation of the work holder to profilethe' work, a tool support slidable on said carriage to move in a line in r the same plane andat right angles to the line of movement 0 thefcarriage to position 3. In a machine, the combination, with a of rotation of'the tool. V

y 8. In a machine for formingnon-circular cylinders, the combination with a work a, V

holder and means for'rotating it at a steady uniform speed, of a carriage slidable toward .7 and from sa1d work, a cam-for moving said carriage in one direction, means to drive said cam at at least the same speed as said Work holder, a tool; support s'lidable on s'aid'carria'ge in the plane of movement of said can riage but at right angles vto'the carriage movement, acam formovingsaid support, means to drive said second cam at at least the same speed as the Work holder, said tool support being in engagement with said second cam and slidahle thereover as the carriage moves,

' and a rotatable tool carried by said support.

9. In a machine for forming, non-circular cylinders, the combination with a bed, workholder, and meansfor rotating it, of a carriage slidahle on said hedtoward and from the work, a pair of shafts parallel to the aXis I of the work and driven from and at the same speed as thework holder, a cam on one of said shafts to move said carriage toward said wvork, resilient means to return said carriage,

a tool carrier mounted for reciprocation on, said carriage and adapted to move 1n respect to the carriage substantially tangent to an holder a tool holder means havin non circular track to effect reciprocating move ment of the tool holder toward and from the work once per rotation of the work holder,

a rotatin cutter havinga plurality of radial to the axis of rotation thereof" and carried by said tool holder, and means ,to ieflect further movement of-said tool holder to always present substantially the'same portion of each cutting edge of the cutter to thework.

11. In a machine for forming a plurality oi non-circular cylinders on a shaft with the cylinders in different angular relationship to each other, the combination with abed, work holder, and means for rotating it, of a carriage sli dableon the bed toward andfrom the work for each cylinder, a pair of shafts parallel to the axis of the work and driven at the same speed as the work holder, a cam on one of said shafts for each carriage to actuate the same in synchronism and phase to the rotation of its respective cylinder, a tool carrier slidably mounted'o'n each carriageand adapted to move in a plane normal to the work axis and at right angles-to the carriage movement, a cam on saidsecond shaft in o ierative-relationto each carrier, a rotatable end cutting},- milling tool mounted in each carrier, means to rotate said tools, said cams on said second shaft being of such contour and so positioned as to always maintain said= tools in the most effective cutting relation to the respective cylinders. v

JOHN M, CHBISTMAN. 

